Abstract
A 3-year old pug bitch was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, I.V.R.I., Bareilly, with history of anestrus since last one year despite having normal body condition and appetite. Vaginal examination revealed normal genitalia without any abnormalities. For induction of estrus, bitch was treated with cabergoline orally till the bitch shows proestral bleeding. After 10 days of treatment, bitch showed proestrous bleeding and on 12th days of proestrus, the vaginal cytology revealed presence of more than 90% of cornified cells and advised for breeding the bitch on alternative days until bitch rejects the male. After 45 days of mating the bitch was again presented to clinics for pregnancy diagnosis. Ultrasonographic examination revealed, 45 day old pregnancy. Cabergoline can be used as master drug to induce fertile estrus in any breed of dogs without much side effect.
Keywords: Cabergolione, Estrus, Proestrus, Pug bitch, Vaginal cytology

Abstract
Blood samples were obtained from phenotypically normal Gaolao cattle breeds mainly young bulls. Out of 70 animals, one young bull aged one year exhibited inconsistent chromosomal number during routine cytogenetic investigation. The whole blood culture was set up in RPMI-1640 (HiMedia) medium for 72 hrs, harvested to prepare chromosomal slides for conventional G- banding using trypsin and Giemsa (GTG). A total 105 metaphases plates were screened under microscope and we observed inconsistent number of chromosome in 28 cells (26.6%) exhibiting 61,XY/59,XY/58,XY/57,XY. Mosaicism is usually associated with reduced fertility in male and infertility in females. The bull calf in present study was one year old; therefore its fertility could not be estimated. However, it is advisable that bulls having mosaicism should be checked for the fertility before being used for artificial insemination and breeding programmes.
Keywords: Abnormality, Autosomal mosaicism, Chromosome, Gaoloa, Infertility

Abstract
Respiratory infections are common in feline population throughout the world. However systematic reports on the various disease conditions affecting the respiratory system of felines are scanty. A detailed pathological and microbiological investigation into a case of pyothorax observed in a 2 year old cat is reported herein. The carcass of a cat aged two years brought for post-mortem examination with the history of dyspnea formed the study material. Post mortem examination revealed gross lesions of fibrinopurulent pleurisy, cardiac hypertrophy, splenic congestion, metastatic suppurative hepatitis, nephrosis and congestion of brain. Histological examination of the representative tissue samples revealed fibrinonecrotic pleuritis, alveolar collapse, inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar epithelialization within the lung parenchyma. Gram negative, coccobacillary organisms suggestive of the genus Pasteurella was isolated from the pleural cavity. The organism was identified as Pasteurella multocida based on biochemical characteristics, mice pathogenicity and PM-PCR. The antibiogram of the isolate revealed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Ceftriaxone, Amoxycillin and Co-trimoxazole and resistance to Gentamicin. This is the first report of isolation of P.multocida from a case of pyothorax in cat from India.
Keywords: Antibiogram, Cat, Histopathology, Pasteurella multocida, PCR, PM, Pyothorax

Abstract
Bovine demodicosis was surveyed in five States of the Sudan during vaccination campaigns and in abattoirs. Among the total number of cattle surveyed (48,000), 16,608 cattle had skin lesions of demodectic mange. Among those infected, 8,012 cattle (48.2%) had simultaneous skin and meibomian gland demodicosis. Meibomian gland demodicosis was characterized by lacrimation, hyperaemia and congestion of the mucous membranes, and in extreme cases, by purulent exudation, swelling and closure of the eyelids. Both eyelids showed 2-4 purulent nodules of 3-4 mm in diameter each, arranged in a linear fashion. Demodex ghanensis and primary pathogenic bacteria (Moraxella bovis and Staphylococcus aureus) were isolated from the infected material expressed from meibomian gland lesions. The histopathological changes seen were compatible with cell-mediated immunity. The destruction caused by the mites and associated bacteria resulted in typical granulomatous reaction. The central core of infection in the glandular acini composed of mites, bacteria and purulent exudate was infiltrated by neutrophils and a few eosinophils; surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, epithelioid, giant cells and proliferation of connective tissue.
Keywords: Bovine, Clinical, Demodex ghanensis, Demodicosis, Meibomian glands, Sudan

Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2011 to determine the seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants and associated risk factors in sheep in Kassala and North Kordofan States of the Sudan, using cELISA. The overall seroprevalence of PPR was found to be 70.2% (576/820). There was no statistically significant difference, (P?0.05), in seroprevalences of PPR estimated in the two States, between the surveyed localities, among breeds and among the different age groups. However, statistically significant difference, (P?0.05), was found between sexes. Significant risk factors associated with cELISA positive status for PPRV in the univariate analysis were found to be State, locality, breed, sex and number of males with a p-value ?0.05. Age, herd size, number of females in the herd, number of young animals in the herd, buying animals from outside, production system practiced, mixing herds at communal points and where herds get mixed were not significant risk factors. Factors found significantly associated (P?0.05) with increased odds of being cELISA positive in the multivariate analysis were localities (Jebrat Al-Shiekh, Barra, and Al-Girba) and sex (females), number of males (?10) and number of young animals (>40) in the herd, while the factors found not significantly associated (P?0.05) with increased odds of being cELISA positive were breeds, ages, and where herds get mixed. Based on the results of the study, PPR is prevailing in the two investigated States and risk factors associated with its occurrence are locality, breed, sex and number of males in the herd. Legislation enforcement to ensure that sheep movements are controlled through the implementation of a permit system is recommended. Also all sheep owners and herders should compulsorily vaccinate their animals annually.
Keywords: PPR, Risk factors, Seroprevalence, Sheep, Sudan

Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the epidemic situation of fur mites, S. scabiei var. canis, D. canis, and O. cynotis, in canine dermatologic disease in Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang provinces, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the middle, northwest, and northeast of China. Four-hundred eighty-four cases of dermatologic disease from the four provinces were investigated by conducting deep skin scraping and skin surface tape-stripping between December 2011 and December 2012. A total of 111 dogs were diagnosed with S. scabiei var. canis, with an overall prevalence of 22.9%; 121 dogs were diagnosed with D. canis, with an infection rate of 25.0% and 12 diagnosed with O. cynotis, with an infection rate of 2.4%. These results show that fur mites are heavily prevalent in dogs in China, which can be an important indicator for identifying strategies and measures to control canine fur mites in China.
Keywords: Canine, China, Demodex canis, Epidemic situation, Otodectes cynotis, Sarcoptic mange var. canis

Abstract
Johne’s disease is a chronic infectious disease of all ruminants caused by the acid-fast bacilli, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Various laboratory diagnostic techniques were developed for the diagnosis of JD including cultural and immunological approaches or molecular biological tools. In the current investigation, 198 fecal samples of dairy cattle from four farms in different governorates in Egypt were subjected to direct Ziehl-Neelsen stain, culture in Herrold’s Egg Yolk Agar media and polymerase chain reaction by amplification of IS900 gene. Results recommended that the application of ZN stain on fecal samples from clinically suspected cases should be occurred, and then PCR targeting IS900 gene should be applied on those which contain acid-fast bacilli to ensure rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
Keywords: Cattle, Egypt, Paratuberculosis, Surveillance

Abstract
A four year old healthy male Labrador retriever was presented at the Emergency Critical Care Unit at Madras Veterinary College, Chennai with a haemostatic disorder due to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity. Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time (BMBT), Prothrombin time (PT) Activated Partial Thrombo- plastin Time (APTT) were severely increased. The recent use of an antico- agulant rodenticide containing brodifacoum by the neighbours was investigated. The dog exhibited signs of moaning, muscle twitching, mild seizures, severe distension of abdomen, epistaxis, hemoperitonium, hemoptyis, hematemesis and melena. The animal did not respond to Vitamin K doses and succumbed to severe bleeding due to the brodifacoum trigger causing severe secondary haemostatic disorder and death in spite of all emergency efforts to control bleeding.
Keywords: Haemorrhage, Haemostatic disorder, Rodenticide poisoning, Thrombocytopenia

Abstract
A case of fatal obstructive urolithiasis was reported in a 5 months old buck of non-descript local breed kept as a pet. The affected animal was noticed to have developed an episodic abdominal distention and anorexia. The main presenting clinical signs were recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia and slight congestion of conjuctival mucous membranes. The animal’s condition deteriorated markedly and died despite treatment attempts to stabilize. Autopsy revealed subcuticular edema, dark red peritoneal fluid, several pea size stones in the peritoneal cavity, ruptured urinary bladder with two patches of paleness surrounded by hyperemia on its mucosa and prominent ureters. Stones were also observed at the proximal sigmoid flexure and there was hyperemia proximal to the point of obstruction.
Keywords: Mortality, Pet goat, Uroliths, Uroperitoneum

Abstract
A 9 year old, intact Setter bitch weighing 26 kg with a mass which was occasionally seen by the owner from the vulvar lips is described in this case report. At the examination the mass was palpated under the skin through perineum but it could not observe from the vulva as it was located at the caudal vagina. The bitch underwent ovariohysterectomy firstly and then the mass was retracted from the vaginal wall to the abdominal cavity and was extirpated from the median line. After the operation, the excised mass was observed to be round, solid, red in colour with dimensions of 6 x 6 x 4 cm and sent to the pathology for histopathological examination. According to the histopathological evaluation, the tumor was diagnosed as benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor (schwannoma, neurofibroma). In conclusion, vaginal masses can be asymptomatic unless protruded from the vulva and they can only be discovered by chance during vaginal examination. So it is better to take into account the importance of detailed vaginal examination as the masses can be located caudally like in this case. The aim of this case report is to describe the surgical excision of a vaginal neurofibroma from abdominal cavity from a bitch which is different than other published data.
Keywords: Bitch, Intact, Neurofibroma, Vagina